TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2011//
TI  - Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: follow-up after 3 to 6 years
JO  - American journal of psychiatry
A1  - Kennedy, Sidney H.
A1  - Giacobbe, Peter
A1  - Rizvi, Sakina J.
A1  - Placenza, Franca M.
A1  - Nishikawa, Yasunori
A1  - Mayberg, Helen S.
A1  - Lozano, Andres M.
SP  - 502
EP  - 510
VL  - 168
IS  - 5
N2  - OBJECTIVE: A prevalence of at least 30% for treatment-resistant depression has prompted the investigation of alternative treatment strategies. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising targeted approach involving the bilateral placement of electrodes at specific neuroanatomical sites. Given the invasive and experimental nature of DBS for treatment-resistant depression, it is important to obtain both short-term and long-term effectiveness and safety data. This report represents an extended follow-up of 20 patients with treatment-resistant depression who received DBS to the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (Brodmann's area 25).  METHOD: After an initial 12-month study of DBS, patients were seen annually and at a last follow-up visit to assess depression severity, functional outcomes, and adverse events.  RESULTS: The average response rates 1, 2, and 3 years after DBS implantation were 62.5%, 46.2%, and 75%, respectively. At the last follow-up visit (range=3-6 years), the average response rate was 64.3%. Functional impairment in the areas of physical health and social functioning progressively improved up to the last follow-up visit. No significant adverse events were reported during this follow-up, although two patients died by suicide during depressive relapses.  CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that in the long term, DBS remains a safe and effective treatment for treatment-resistant depression. Additional trials with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0002-953X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10081187
ID  - ref1
ER  -