TY  - JOUR
PY  - 1996//
TI  - The World Trade Center bombing: injury prevention strategies for high-rise building fires
JO  - Disasters
A1  - Klitzman, S.
A1  - Noji, E. K.
A1  - Sinks, T.
A1  - Malilay, Josephine
A1  - Davis, Y. M.
A1  - Quenemoen, L. E.
SP  - 125
EP  - 132
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - The WTC disaster provided an opportunity to look for ways to prevent morbidity among occupants of high-rise buildings during fires. This paper first describes the overall morbidity resulting from the explosion and fire, and second, presents the results of a case-control study carried out to identify risk factors for smoke-related morbidity. The main ones include: increased age, presence of a pre-existing cardio-pulmonary condition, entrapment in a lift and prolonged evacuation time. Study results point to the importance of the following safety systems during high-rise building fires: smoke-control systems with separate emergency power sources; lift-cars, lift-car position-monitoring systems, and lift-car communication systems with separate emergency power sources; two-way emergency communication systems on all floors and in stairwells; stairwells with emergency lighting and designed for the rapid egress of crowds; evacuation systems/equipment to assist in the evacuation of vulnerable people (elderly, infirm). Also important are evacuation plans that include regularly scheduled safety training and evacuation drills.
LA  - 
SN  - 0361-3666
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -