TY  - JOUR
PY  - 1995//
TI  - The Universality of Shame: A Psychoanalytic Approach
JO  - British journal of psychotherapy
A1  - Pines, Malcolm
SP  - 346
EP  - 357
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
N2  - In this paper shame is viewed from several different perspectives: culturally, socially and developmentally. As an emotion shame is shaped by culture and serves as a boundary for the protection of privacy; developmentally shame engenders the awareness of the self and its vulnerabilities. Recognition of shame proneness and defences against it can enhance the therapist's sensitivity and warn against the insensitivity and omnipotence that can often develop unwittingly.<p />
LA  - en
SN  - 0265-9883
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0118.1995.tb00739.x
ID  - ref1
ER  -