TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2024//
TI  - Organophosphate ester flame retardant chemicals and maternal depression during pregnancy
JO  - Environmental research
A1  - Hernandez-Castro, Ixel
A1  - Eckel, Sandrah P.
A1  - Howe, Caitlin G.
A1  - Aung, Max T.
A1  - Kannan, Kurunthachalam
A1  - Robinson, Morgan
A1  - Foley, Helen B.
A1  - Yang, Tingyu
A1  - Vigil, Mario J.
A1  - Chen, Xinci
A1  - Grubbs, Brendan
A1  - Al-Marayati, Laila
A1  - Toledo-Corral, Claudia M.
A1  - Habre, Rima
A1  - Dunton, Genevieve F.
A1  - Farzan, Shohreh F.
A1  - Morales, Santiago
A1  - Breton, Carrie V.
A1  - Bastain, Theresa M.
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - BACKGROUND: Depression substantially contributes to pregnancy-related morbidity, and pregnancy is increasingly recognized as a vulnerable window for exposure effects on maternal mental health. Exposures to organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous and may have neurotoxic effects; however, their impacts on prenatal depression remain unknown. We evaluated associations of third trimester OPE metabolites on maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy. <br><br>METHODS: This study included 422 participants in the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort, a prospective pregnancy cohort of primarily low-income and Hispanic participants residing in Los Angeles, California. We measured concentrations of nine OPEs in third trimester spot urine samples (mean gestational age= 31.5±2.0 weeks). Using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, we classified participants as having probable depression during pregnancy (N=137) or not (N=285) if one or more CES-D scores administered at each trimester met the suggested cutoff score for clinically significant depressive symptoms (≥16). We estimated associations of prenatal OPE metabolite concentrations in tertiles and risk of prenatal depression using modified Log-Poisson regression. We examined associations of the OPE mixture on depression during pregnancy using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). <br><br>RESULTS: Participants with the highest tertiles of DPHP and BDCIPP exposure had a 67% (95% CI: 22%, 128%) and 47% (95% CI: 4%, 108%) increased risk of maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy, respectively. No associations between other OPE metabolites and maternal depression symptoms were observed. In mixture analyses, we observed a positive and linear association between higher exposure to the OPE metabolite mixture and odds of prenatal maternal depression, primarily driven by DPHP. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide new evidence of associations between frequently detected OPE metabolites on maternal depression symptoms during pregnancy. <br><br>RESULTS could inform future intervention efforts aimed at reducing perinatal maternal depression.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0013-9351
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.119581
ID  - ref1
ER  -