TY  - JOUR
PY  - 1995//
TI  - Foot-Ankle Injuries: Influence of Crash Location, Seating Position and Age
JO  - Annual proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine
A1  - Tingvall, Claes
A1  - Lövsund, Per
A1  - Viano, David C.
A1  - Parenteau, Chantal S.
SP  - 177
EP  - 192
VL  - 39
IS  - 
N2  - Foot-ankle injuries have increased in relative importance in the recent years. As a basis for future countermeasures, an epidemiology study has been undertaken in which Swedish accident data from Folksam Insurance was used. The database consists of 805 foot-ankle injuries out of 57,949 car occupant injuries reported from 1985-1991. The influence of crash location, seating position and occupant age is determined for the frequency and relative risk of foot-ankle injury in car crashes. Frontal car crashes produce 76% of the AIS 2-3 foot-ankle injuries with 13% in side impacts and 8% in roll-overs. The relative risk of AIS 2-3 foot-ankle injury is 13.9 per 1000 injuries in all crash locations and is similar irrespective of seating positions. Ankle fractures and sprain both occur at a rate of 3.7 per 1000 injuries, followed by malleolus fractures at 2.7 and metatarsal fractures at 2.4. The relative foot-ankle injury risk is significantly greater (p lt 0.01) in near oblique-frontal crashes than for 12 o'clock frontals. For drivers in 11 o'clock and front passengers in 1 o'clock, the relative risk is 27.8 per 1000 injuries as compared to 17.5 for drivers and front-passengers in 12 o'clock crashes. Occupant age is not as significant as seating position and crash location; however, there are higher relative risks for rear occupants greater tthan 59 years old in oblique frontal crashes. Using the new AAAM Impairment Injury Scale (IIS), 48% of the foot-ankle injuries are rated with residual impairment IIS 1-2. The relative risk in near-seated occupants is 1.5 times greater in oblique frontal crashes than in frontals. The relative risk for IIS 1-2 impairment in near oblique-frontal crashes is 12.8 per 1000 occupant injuries as compared to 8.3 in frontal crashes.     <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1540-0360
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/
ID  - ref1
ER  -