SafetyLit: 21 July 2000

New This Week

in the

Resource Library

July 17-21, 2000

General/Overlapping:

Maclure M, Mittleman MA. Should we use a case-crossover design? Annual Review of Public Health 2000; 21:193-221. (E.04.04 S)

Abstract: The first decade of experience with case-crossover studies has shown that the design applies best if the exposure is intermittent, the effect on risk is immediate and transient, and the outcome is abrupt -- attributes that make this design particularly useful for injury research. However, this design has been used to study single changes in exposure level, gradual effects on risk, and outcomes with insidious onsets. To estimate relative risk, the exposure frequency during a window just before outcome onset is compared with exposure frequencies during control times rather than in control persons. One or more control times are supplied by each of the cases themselves, to control for confounding by constant characteristics and self-confounding between the trigger's acute and chronic effects. This review of published case-crossover studies is designed to help the reader prepare a better research proposal by understanding triggers and deterrents, target person times, alternative study bases, crossover cohorts, induction times, effect and hazard periods, exposure windows, the exposure opportunity fallacy, a general likelihood formula, and control crossover analysis.

Realizing the Promise of Diversity in the 21st Century: 2000 Maternal and Child Health Conference. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Health Services, Maternal and Child Health Branch, 2000. (E.30.12 B)

Abstract: This notebook contains materials from the California MCH conference held May 31-June 1, 2000 in San Diego, CA.

Arizona Department of Health Services. Arizona Child Fatality Review Team Annual Report. 1999. Phoenix, AZ, Arizona Department of Health Services. (E.10.08 S)

Abstract: This report reviews the cases of 940 Arizona children who died in 1998. The Child Death Review Team concluded that almost 1/3 of these deaths could have been prevented. Most of the preventable deaths were due to non-medical causes including motor vehicle crashes, acts of violence, and unintentional injuries. The report also identifies preventable deaths due to medical causes such as prematurity, sudden infant death syndrome, untreated medical illnesses, and vaccine preventable diseases. A typical scenario that led to a preventable child death is included for each section, as a way of emphasizing that behind each number is a child whose life ended too soon. The report presents public policy recommendations for reducing preventable deaths of children in Arizona

Arizona Department of Health Services. Arizona Child Fatality Review Team Policy & Procedure Manual. 1997. Phoenix, AZ, Arizona Department of Health Services. (E.10.08 S)

Abstract: This manual documents the Child Fatality Review Program's policies for development, implementation, and management of the program. It serves as a reference and information resource for State and Local Child Death Review Teams, ADHS Administration, and other interested parties. All review teams are required to adhere to the requirements and guidelines put forth in this manual.

Mrela CK and Coe T. Injury mortality among children and adolescents, Arizona, 1988-1998. 2000. Phoenix, AZ, Arizona Department of Health Services. (E.30.04 S)

Abstract: This report provides data concerning injury mortality among infants, children (ages 1-14), and adolescents (ages 15-19) in Arizona. Data for 1998 are compared with data for the preceding ten years.

Maternal and Child Health Bureau. Basic Emergency Lifesaving Skills (BELS): A Framework for Teaching Emergency Lifesaving Skills to Children and Adolescents. 1999. Newton, MA: Children's Safety Network, Education Development Center, Inc. (E.42.02 S)

Abstract: This document provides a developmental approach for teaching basic lifesaving skills to children and adolescents. The manual consists of 7 sections: Background information on teaching basic emergency lifesaving skills to students; Overview of cognitive, physical, and social.moral development pertinent to children's ability to learn and perform emergency skills; Sequence of basic emergency lifesaving skills performance; Developmental prinicples and teaching strategies for the cognitive, psychomotor, and social/moral learning of BELS from kindergarten through 12th grade; Application of the BELS framework for critiquing and selecting BELS curricula; Advocacy issues for incorporating BELS into school curricula. A resource list, selected bibliography, and evaluation form are included.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, NCHS. Births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: Provisional data for August 1999. National Vital Statistics Reports. V.48(10); July 2000. (Periodicals file)

Residential:

Vidal-Trecan G, Tcherny-Lessenot S, Grossin C, Devaux S, Pages M, Laguerre J et al. Differences between burns in rural and in urban areas: Implications for prevention. Burns 2000; 26:351-358. (E.55.08 S)

Abstract: This study aimed to identify typical features of burns in rural areas and to improve their prevention by comparing the characteristics of burnt patients and their burns in rural and urban areas. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 19 of the 23 French burn units over one year, using a structured questionnaire. Of the 1422 patients, 420 (34%) were burned in rural areas. Burns were more frequent in rural than in urban areas. Occupational burns were more frequent in rural than in urban areas. The characteristics of patients and burns did not differ between the areas. Patients burned during everyday activities were older and more frequently had predisposing factors in rural than in urban areas. Burns occurred outdoors more often in rural than in urban areas and were frequently due to flames or explosions or to the use of barbeques or open fires. Rural burns were more severe and caused more deaths than urban burns. Preventive measures in rural areas should take into account occupation and everyday activities and should be specifically adapted to the profiles of burned patients.

Pollack-Nelson C. Fall and suffocation injuries associated with in-home use of car seats and baby carriers. Pediatric Emergency Care 2000; 16(2):77-79. (E.55.10 S)

Abstract: This paper examines two hazard patterns associated with in-home use and placement of car seats and baby carriers: fall injuries resulting from placement on elevated surfaces; and suffocation resulting from seat overturn on soft surfaces. In 1997, it is estimated that approximately 8700 infants were treated in emergency departments as a result of fall injuries suffered while using a car seat or baby carrier. More than 1/3 of estimated falls were specifically attributed to the seat being placed on an elevated surface in the home, such as a counter or table. A search of suffocation incidents resulting from seat overturn on a soft surface produced 15 incidents. Most of these occurred when the seat had been placed on a bed or waterbed. Many parents are unaware of hazards associated with common placement scenarios for infant car seats and baby carriers. These hazard patterns and their potential consequences need to be conveyed to new parents by pediatricians. Manufacturers have an obligation to pursue design alternatives that will reduce the likelihood of seat overturn.

The Right Call for Poison Help. San Francisco, CA: University of California San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, 2000. (E.55.14 B)

Abstract: This kit contains a complete educational program for teaching poison prevention to English and Spanish speaking parents/caretakers of preschool children. The program consists of instructional information, videos, parent handouts, and suggested resources and additional activities.

Occupational:

California Study Group on Young Workers' Health and Safety, University of California. Safe Jobs for Youth Month materials. 2000. Berkeley, CA, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Center for Occupational & Environmental Health. (E.65 S)

Abstract: This folder includes materials created for Safe Jobs for Youth Month 2000. Included are: 5 copies of the poster; a page of stickers; a copy of the Governor's proclamation; notes from the April meeting of the California Study Group on Young Workers' Health & Safety; SJFY MOnth activities for the month of May 2000; and U.S. Department of Labor Fact Sheet #38 - Application of the Federal Child Labor Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) to Grocery Stores.

Drug/Alcohol:

Werch CE, Carlson JM, Pappas DM, Edgemon P, DiClemente CC. Effects of a brief alcohol preventive intervention for youth attending school sports physical examinations. Substance Use and Misuse 2000; 35(3):421-432. (E.40.02 S)

Abstract: This pilot study examined the feasibility and efficacy of a modified version of the STARS for Families alcohol use preventive intervention for 7th-9th grade students attending sports physical examinations during the summer of 1997. STARS for Families is a research project designed to test the efficacy of brief alcohol abuse prevention strategies consisting of nurse consultations and parent prevention materials targeting at-risk youth. Results suggest that the intervention can be feasibly implemented within the contraints of typical sports physicals. In addition, brief telephone consultations with a nurse, along with parent print information, appears to have significantly reduced intentions to drink, current alcohol use, and heavy consumption among some school athletes 6 months post intervention. In particular, reductions in alcohol use were found for young athletes in suburban and rural schools but not urban school youth.

Mrela CK, Coe T. Drug related mortality, Arizona, 1988-1998. 2000. Phoenix, AZ, Arizona Department of Health Services. (E.30.04 S)

Abstract: This report provides information on drug related mortality among Arizona residents. The data for 1998 are compared with data from the preceding ten years.

Violence:

Children's Safety Network National Injury and Violence Prevention Resource Center. Suicide Fact Sheets. 2000. Newton, MA, CSN National Injury and Violence Prevention Resource Center, Education Development Center, Inc. (E.90 B)

Abstract: This set of suicide fact sheets includes the following titles: The role of MCH in youth suicide prevention; Youth suicide statistics; Youth suicide prevention plans; State youth suicide prevention plan summary; Key terms used in suicide prevention; and Suicide prevention resources.

Mrela CK, Coe T. Firearm related fatalities, Arizona, 1988-1998. 2000. Phoenix, AZ, Arizona Department of Health Services. (E.30.04 S)

Abstract: This report provides information on firearm related deaths among Arizona residents. The data for 1998 are compared with data from the preceding ten years.

Mrela CK, Coe T. Suicide mortality, Arizona, 1988-1998. 2000. Phoenix, AZ, Arizona Department of Health Services. (E.30.04 S)

Abstract: This report provides information on suicide mortality among Arizona residents. The data for 1998 are compared with data from the preceding ten years.

Newsletters:

The Peer Educator. May/June 2000. Denver, CO: The Bacchus and Gamma Peer Education Network. Cover story: Materials for Orientation.

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