Citation

Huang H, Ooka R, Liu N, Zhang L, Deng Z, Kato S. Fire Safety J. 2009; 44(3): 311-321.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2009, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.07.005

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

In order to clarify the fire growth process in compartments under external wind conditions, detailed fire tunnel experiments were conducted in a reduced-scale compartment. The approaching external wind velocity was set to 0.0, 1.5 and 3.0 m/s, and the location of the fire source was changed between the downwind corner, upwind corner and center of the compartment. The experiments considered the effect of wind on a through-ventilation situation. The temperatures of the air and the wall surfaces in the compartment and the temperatures of the flames ejected from the opening were measured. The fuel mass loss rate and the heat flux from the opening were also recorded. Different fire growth characteristics are shown under different wind and fire source conditions. The temperature rises faster and burnout time is reduced under windy conditions. It is found that external wind has two opposing effects. One is to promote combustion within the compartment and thus raise the temperature, the other is to blow away and dilute the combustible gases in the compartment and decrease the temperature, or hasten its extinction. When the approaching wind velocity is high, the external plume is greatly inclined to the downwind side, and the flame becomes larger, thus increasing the risk of the fire spreading to neighboring buildings. The dimensionless temperature of the external flame was a little lower than the results indicated by Yokoi's experiments without wind. Keywords: Reduced-scale compartment fire; External wind condition; Fire tunnel experiment; External flame