Citation

Ono S, Mustari MJ. J. Neurophysiol. 2010; 103(5): 2889-2899.

Affiliation

1Emory University.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2010, American Physiological Society)

DOI

10.1152/jn.01024.2009

PMID

20457849

PMCID

PMC2867559

Abstract

Smooth pursuit (SP) eye movements are used to maintain the image of a moving object on or near the fovea. Visual motion signals aid in driving SP and are necessary for its adaptation. The sources of visual error signals that support SP adaptation are incompletely understood but could involve neurons in cortical and brainstem areas with direction selective visual motion responses. Here, we focus on the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), which encodes retinal error information during SP. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of the NOT in SP adaptation. SP adaptation is typically produced using a double step of velocity ramp (double-step paradigm), where target speed either increases or decreases 100ms after the beginning of a trial. In our study we delivered a brief (200ms) train of micro-electrical stimulation (ES) in the left NOT to introduce directional error signals at the point in time where a second target speed would appear in a double-step paradigm. The target was extinguished coincidentally with the onset of the ES train. Initial eye acceleration (first 100 ms) showed significant increases after 100 trials, which included left NOT stimulation during ongoing pursuit in an ipsiversive (leftward) direction. In contrast, Initial eye acceleration showed significant decreases after repeated left NOT stimulation during contraversive (rightward) SP. Control studies performed using the same periodicity of NOT stimulation as above but without accompanying SP did not induce changes in eye acceleration. In contrast, ES of the NOT paired with active SP produced gradual changes in eye acceleration similar to that observed in double-step paradigm. Therefore, our findings support the suggestion that the NOT is an important source of visual error information for guiding motor learning during horizontal SP.

Language: en