Citation

Van Renterghem P, Van Eenoo P, Sottas PE, Saugy M, Delbeke F. Clin. Endocrinol. 2011; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Affiliation

Docolab - University of Ghent, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Technologiepark 30, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analysis, Université de Lausanne,Chemin des Croisettes22, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2011, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.03992.x

PMID

21521264

Abstract

Context:  Until now, the testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio is the main marker for detection of testosterone (T) misuse in athletes. As this marker can be influenced by a number of confounding factors, additional steroid profile parameters indicating T misuse can provide substantiating evidence of doping with endogenous steroids. The evaluation of a steroid profile is currently based upon population statistics. Since large inter-individual variations exist, a paradigm shift towards subject-based references is ongoing in doping analysis. Objective:  Proposition of new biomarkers for the detection of testosterone in sports using extensive steroid profiling and an adaptive model based upon Bayesian inference. Subjects:  6 healthy male volunteers were administered with testosterone undecanoate. Population statistics were performed upon steroid profiles from 2014 male Caucasian athletes participating in official sport competition. Design:  An extended search for new biomarkers in a comprehensive steroid profile combined with Bayesian inference techniques as used in the Athlete Biological Passport resulted in a selection of additional biomarkers that may improve detection of testosterone misuse in sports. Results:  Apart from T/E, 4 other steroid ratios (6α-OH-androstenedione/16α-OH-dehydroepiandrostenedione, 4-OH-androstenedione/16α-OH-androstenedione, 7α-OH-testosterone/7β-OH-dehydroepiandrostenedione and dihydrotestosterone/5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol) were identified as sensitive urinary biomarkers for T misuse. These new biomarkers were rated according to relative response, parameter stability, detection time and discriminative power. Conclusion:  Newly selected biomarkers were found suitable for individual referencing within the concept of the Athlete's Biological Passport. The parameters showed improved detection time and discriminative power compared to the T/E ratio. Such biomarkers can support the evidence of doping with small oral doses of testosterone.

Language: en