Citation

Bill J, Hansen RL, Richards K. Fire Safety J. 1997; 29(4): 317-336.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1997, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Twenty-three fire tests were conducted to determine the ability of current fine-spray (water mist) technologies to extinguish fires specified in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) fire test procedure for engine rooms greater than 3000 m3. The tests were conducted using nozzle installed at a 5 m height and 1[middle dot]5 m spacing in a large test facility (2800 m2 area and 18 m height). Two types of nozzles were tested: a low pressure nozzle operating between 1[middle dot]2 and 1[middle dot]5 MPa with flow per nozzle between 12[middle dot]0 and 13[middle dot]41/m and a multi-nozzle high-pressure prototype consisting of seven nozzles operating at 6[middle dot]9 MPa flowing at 5[middle dot]3 1/m per prototype. These nozzles were selected because they had been shown to extinguish IMO fire tests in enclosures with a protected area of 83 m2 and a ceiling height of 4[middle dot]5 m. The fire tests selected from the IMO procedure included 6 MW diesel spray fires on top of the IMO engine mock-up, a shielded 6 MW diesel spray fire adjacent to the mock-up, a 1 MW shielded diesel spray fire adjacent to the mock-up, and a wood crib within a 2 m2 pan filled with heptane. In tests in which no additional enclosure surrounded the nozzles other than the test facility, fires were not significantly affected by the water mist using either nozzle. To further investigate mist-system capabilities, a ceiling was then placed directly over the nozzles at a 5 m height covering an area of 188 m2. Using 90 high-pressure prototype nozzles, the test fires were not extinguished. A 940 m3 enclosure was then formed by dropping tarpaulins to the floor from the ceiling. A 4 m2 vent was placed in the wall. With the 90 high-pressure prototype nozzles, the 6 MW spray fire on top of the mock-up was extinguished. When the 6 MW fire was shielded beside the mock-up, the fire was not extinguished. With the vent closed, the 6 MW shielded spray fire was extinguished. Under the same test conditions, a 1 MW shielded diesel spray fire and a 0[middle dot]1 m2 heptane pool fire were not extinguished. The fire test results indicated that protection of engine rooms with volumes of about 1000 m3 is possible by optimizing current fine-spray technology while significantly larger volumes will require improved discharge characteristics.