Citation

Hoffmann JM, Hoffmann DJ, Kroll EC, Kroll MJ, Logan LM, Fowler JR. Fire Technol. 2003; 39(2): 119-132.

Affiliation

Safety Engineering Laboratories, Inc., 27803 College Park Drive, Warren, MI; Stress Engineering Services, Inc., 13800 Westfair East Drive, Houston, TX, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2003, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)

DOI

10.1023/A:1024256029141

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Elevating ignition sources to protect against the ignition of vapors from flammable liquid spills has a long history in the national standards and codes. Accident data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission and the National Fire Protection Association identify gas fired water heaters as the major ignition source of flammable liquid vapor accidents in the home. During the past ten years, numerous different laboratories have conducted tests to evaluate the effectiveness of elevating gas fired water heaters to prevent the ignition of flammable liquid vapors. Analysis of the results of 48 tests from three laboratories demonstrate the effectiveness of elevating gas fired water heaters in reducing the ignition of flammable liquid vapors in the home.