Citation

Huntscha S, Singer HP, McArdell CS, Frank CE, Hollender J. J. Chromatogr. A 2012; 1268: 74-83.

Affiliation

Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.032

PMID

23137864

Abstract

An automated multiresidue method consisting of an online solid-phase extraction step coupled to a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (online-SPE-HPLC-MS/MS method) was developed for the determination of 88 polar organic micropollutants with a broad range of physicochemical properties (logD(OW) (pH 7): -4.2 to 4.2). Based on theoretical considerations, a single mixed-bed multilayer cartridge containing four different extraction materials was composed for the automated enrichment of water samples. This allowed the simultaneous analysis of pesticides, biocides, pharmaceuticals, corrosion inhibitors, many of their transformation products, and the artificial sweetener sucralose in three matrices groundwater, surface water, and wastewater. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the environmentally relevant concentration range of 0.1-87ng/L for groundwater and surface water, and 1.5-206ng/L for wastewater. The majority of the compounds could be quantified below 10ng/L in groundwater (82%) and surface water (80%) and below 100ng/L in wastewater (80%). Relative recoveries were largely between 80 and 120%. Intraday and inter-day precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, were generally better than 10% and 20%, respectively. 50 isotope labeled internal standards were used for quantification and accordingly, relative recoveries as well as intraday and inter-day precision were better for compounds with corresponding internal standard. The applicability of this method was shown during a sampling campaign at a riverbank filtration site for drinking water production with travel times of up to 5 days. 36 substances of all compound classes investigated could be found in concentrations between 0.1 and 600ng/L. The results revealed the persistence of carbamazepine and sucralose in the groundwater aquifer as well as degradation of the metamizole metabolite 4-acetamidoantipyrine.

Language: en