Citation

Tobita J. J. Environ. Saf. 2015; 6(3): 157-164.

Vernacular Title

大学における大規模地震災害への備え

Copyright

(Copyright © 2015, Academic Consociation of Environmental Safety and Waste Management, Japan)

DOI

10.11162/daikankyo.15C0901

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

The Tokai region of Japan has experienced many disasters in the past and is also at risk of a Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake in the near future. As Japan's third largest metropolitan area with most important industrial agglomeration, a large-scale disaster in this region would have an enormous impact on domestic and international society. In addition to protecting human lives and averting risk, core universities in the region must continue to provide higher education and advanced research while securing research environments and achievements, and contributing to regional society. However, universities face risk factors during disasters because they are large-scale organizations with many students and faculty members, and also because they are densely populated, contain laboratory equipment and dangerous articles,and are active day and night. Furthermore, it is difficult to establish unified disaster measures in universities because departments are highly independent and tend to prioritize research and education result, and students and faculty members change every year. Considering such situation, this paper describes natural disaster response of universities based on a case study of Nagoya University by examining its disaster management from three perspectives: (1) systems, organizations, and regulations, (2) training, education, and awareness, and (3) buildings, equipment, and materials. As a result, it is indicated that safety and risk management play an important role in the large-scale organizations, and thus universities must construct logical frameworks for disaster response that correspond to their organizations, facilities, and risk situations. Agreement and awareness for disaster response strategy of the organization should be improved by repetition of disaster drills and preparation for disaster mitigation.

Language: ja

Vernacular Abstract

東海地域は歴史的に災害が多く、近い将来の南海トラフの巨大地震も危惧されている。また日本第三の都市圏で、国際的にも重要な産業集積地域であるため、大災害時の広域被災による社会への影響は極めて大きい。このような地域の基幹大学にとって、災害時の確実な人命保護と危険回避のみならず、高度教育と先端研究の継続、研究環境や研究成果の保護は必須であり、そして地域社会への貢献も期待される。一方、大学は一般に多数の学生・教職員を擁する大規模組織であること、人口密度が高く、実験機器や危険物質等があり、昼夜を問わず活動が続くことなど、災害時のリスク要因が多い。また、部局の独立性が高く、研究・教育の成果を優先しがちで、学生などの構成員も流動的であるため、統一的な災害対応が徹底しにくい。本論ではこのような大学の状況を踏まえて、自然災害対応の考え方として名古屋大学の事例を取り上げ、体制・組織・規程類（コト）、訓練・教育・啓発（ヒト）、そして建物・設備・物品（モノ）の側面から整理して論じる。結論として、安全やリスク管理は大規模組織の重要なインフラであり、組織、施設、リスクの状況に応じて論理的な枠組みを構築すべきこと、長期的な視野に立って組織全体の合意と意識向上および訓練によるスキル定着をめざす必要があること、被害を極力減らす「減災」の考え方で迅速かつ継続的な 準備が必要なことを示した。