Citation

Corbett B, Clark RF. Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. 2017; 35(2): 339-354.

Affiliation

Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 West Arbor Drive # 8676, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.003

PMID

28411931

Abstract

Native US snakes that produce clinically significant envenomation can be divided into 2 groups, crotalids and elapids. The crotalids include rattlesnakes, cottonmouths, and copperheads. Crotalid envenomation can result in significant local tissue damage as well as thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. Rarely are bites fatal. Native US elapids are all coral snakes that possess neurotoxic venom that can cause weakness, respiratory paralysis, and rarely death. Treatment of both types of envenomation revolves around general supportive care and antivenom administration when indicated. Previously advocated treatments, such as tourniquets, venom extraction, and bite site excision are not recommended.

Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

Copperhead; Coral snake; Cottonmouth; Crotalid; Elapid; Rattlesnake