Citation

Kreibig SD, Gross JJ. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 2017; 15: 62-71.

Affiliation

Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.05.016

PMID

28804752

PMCID

PMC5548140

Abstract

In this review, we examine the paradigms and measures available for experimentally studying mixed emotions in the laboratory. For eliciting mixed emotions, we describe a mixed emotions film library that allows for the repeated elicitation of a specific homogeneous mixed emotional state and appropriately matched pure positive, pure negative, and neutral emotional states. For assessing mixed emotions, we consider subjective and objective measures that fall into univariate, bivariate, and multivariate measurement categories. As paradigms and measures for objectively studying mixed emotions are still in their early stages, we conclude by outlining future directions that focus on the reliability, temporal dynamics, and response coherence of mixed emotions paradigms and measures. This research will build a strong foundation for future studies and significantly advance our understanding of mixed emotions.

Language: en

Keywords

facial expression; mixed emotions; objective measures; physiology; subjective feelings