Citation

Frazer E, Mitchell RA, Nesbitt LS, Williams M, Mitchell EP, Williams RA, Browne D. J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 2018; 110(1): 4-15.

Affiliation

Browne and Associates Inc., 118(th) President National Medical Association, 6900 33rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, National Medical Association (USA))

DOI

10.1016/j.jnma.2017.08.009

PMID

29510842

Abstract

While much progress has occurred since the civil rights act of 1964, minorities have continued to suffer disparate and discriminatory access to economic opportunities, education, housing, health care and criminal justice. The latest challenge faced by the physicians and public health providers who serve the African American community is the detrimental, and seemingly insurmountable, causes and effects of violence in impoverished communities of color. According to statistics from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the number one killer of black males ages 10-35 is homicide, indicating a higher rate of violence than any other group. Black females are four times more likely to be murdered by a boyfriend or girlfriend than their white counterparts, and although intimate partner violence has declined for both black and white females, black women are still disproportionately killed. In addition, anxiety and depression that can lead to suicide is on the rise among African American adolescents and adults. Through an examination of the role of racism in the perpetuation of the violent environment and an exploration of the effects of gang violence, intimate partner violence/child maltreatment and police use of excessive force, this work attempts to highlight the repercussions of violence in the African American community. The members of the National Medical Association have served the African American community since 1895 and have been advocates for the patients they serve for more than a century. This paper, while not intended to be a comprehensive literature review, has been written to reinforce the need to treat violence as a public health issue, to emphasize the effect of particular forms of violence in the African American community and to advocate for comprehensive policy reforms that can lead to the eradication of this epidemic. The community of African American physicians must play a vital role in the treatment and prevention of violence as well as advocating for our patients, family members and neighbors who suffer from the preventable effects of violence.

Copyright © 2018 National Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

Police use of force; Public health; Racism; Social determinants; Violence