Citation

Bao G, Bleimeister I, Zimmerman L, Wellcome J, Niesman P, Radabaugh H, Bondi CO, Kline AE. J. Neurotrauma 2019; 36(10): 1606-1614.

Affiliation

University of Pittsburgh, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation , 3471 Fifth Avenue , Suite 201 , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States , 15213 ; klineae@upmc.edu.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Mary Ann Liebert Publishers)

DOI

10.1089/neu.2018.6212

PMID

30458116

Abstract

The administration of haloperidol (HAL) once daily for 19 days after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) impedes recovery and attenuates the efficacy of environmental enrichment (EE). However, it is unknown how intermittent administration of HAL affects the recovery process when paired with EE. Addressing the uncertainty is relevant because daily HAL is not always warranted to manage TBI-induced agitation in the clinic, and indeed intermittent therapy may be a more common approach. Hence, the aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that intermittent HAL would neither impair recovery in standard (STD)-housed controls nor attenuate the efficacy of EE. Anesthetized adult male rats received a cortical impact or sham injury and beginning 24 hours later were administered HAL (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.) either once daily for 19 days or once every-other-day while housed in EE or STD conditions, while vehicle (VEH; 1 mL/kg; i.p.) was administered daily. Motor performance and cognition were assessed on post-injury days 1-5 and 14-19, respectively. Cortical lesion volume was quantified on day 21. SHAM controls performed better than all TBI groups on motor and spatial learning [p<0.05], but did not differ from the TBI+EE+daily VEH group on memory retention [p>0.05]. The TBI+EE daily VEH and TBI+EE intermittent HAL groups did not differ from one another on beam-walk or spatial learning [p>0.05], and both performed better than all other TBI groups [p < 0.05]. In contrast, the TBI+STD+daily HAL group performed worse than all TBI groups on spatial learning [p<0.05]. No difference in any endpoint was revealed between the TBI+STD+intermittent HAL and TBI+STD+daily VEH groups [p>0.05]. The results support the hypothesis that HAL is not detrimental when provided intermittently. If translatable to the clinic, intermittent HAL may be used to control TBI-induced agitation without negatively affecting spontaneous recovery or rehabilitative efficacy.

Language: en

Keywords

BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENTS; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; REHABILITATION; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; controlled cortical impact