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Affiliation
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Faculty of Dentistry and Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: sshergil@ualberta.ca. |
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Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: This study examined outcomes from the King Devick (K-D) in athletes with Learning Disabilities (LD) and attention disorders (ADHD).
METHODS: A total of 574 professional football players from the Canadian Football League (CFL) completed baseline evaluations with computerized neurocognitive testing (CNT) prior to the 2016 competitive season. Player age, education, history of concussion, LD, and ADHD were analyzed for K-D and Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) performance. A series of analyses of co-variance (ANCOVA's) were used to compare participants with a history of LD and ADHD with history of concussion as a co-variate.
RESULTS: Approximately 5% of participants reported a diagnosed history of LD and 13% with ADHD. Performance on the K-D test was not significantly correlated with age, education, or history of concussion but was significantly correlated with history of LD and ADHD. Participants with LD performed approximately 6.9 s slower on the K-D test (t[563] = 4.70, p. = 0.0003) and participants with ADHD were approximately 2 s slower (t[572] = 2.04, p. = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that players with a history of diagnosed LD and ADHD performed slower on the K-D test in comparison to athletes with no history of diagnoses. The results of this study underscore the importance of recognizing individualized outcomes when using the K-D.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Language: en |