Citation

Zimmermann G, Bolter LM, Sluka R, Höller Y, Bathke AC, Thomschewski A, Leis S, Lattanzi S, Brigo F, Trinka E. J. Evid. Based Med. 2019; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Affiliation

Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT, Hall i. T., Austria.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1111/jebm.12356

PMID

31231977

Abstract

AIM: Prevalence and incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) are low. However, sample sizes have not been systematically examined yet, although this might represent useful information for study planning and power considerations. Therefore, our objective was to determine the median sample size in clinical trials on SCI individuals. Moreover, within small-sample size studies, statistical methods and awareness of potential problems regarding small samples were examined.

METHODS: We systematically reviewed all studies on human SCI individuals published between 2014 and 2015, where the effect of an intervention on one or more health-related outcomes was assessed by means of a hypothesis test. If at least one group had a size <20, the study was classified as a small sample size study. PubMed was searched for eligible studies; subsequently, data on sample sizes and statistical methods were extracted and summarized descriptively.

RESULTS: Out of 8897 studies 207 were included. Median total sample size was 18 (range 4-582). Small sample sizes were found in 167/207 (81%) studies, resulting limitations and implications for statistical analyses were mentioned in 109/167 (65%) studies.

CONCLUSIONS: Although most recent SCI trials have been conducted with small samples, the consequences on statistical analysis methods and the validity of the results are rarely acknowledged.

© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine published by Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Language: en

Keywords

effect size; power; rare disease; spinal cord trauma; statistical data analysis