Citation

Techer F, Ojeda L, Barat D, Marteau JY, Rampillon F, Feron S, Dogan E. Transp. Res. F Traffic Psychol. Behav. 2019; 64: 353-360.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.trf.2019.05.016

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Highly automated vehicles in urban areas will adopt a safe and cautious driving style, which is likely to result in frequent stops and yields while negotiating interactions in complex traffic environments. Users may not expect, comprehend or accept such behaviors from their vehicle. Considering that most daily trips are completed under time pressure, drivers may feel frustrated and decide to take over manual control in an attempt to save time. The current study aimed at investigating the impact of time pressure while driving a highly automated vehicle in urban areas in terms of anger and frustration. Forty participants drove a highly automated vehicle with or without time pressure in a driving simulator. The driving scenario included rural roads with light traffic and urban roads with traffic congestion and driving impediments. Data on mood, attitude and driver behavior were collected.

RESULTS indicate that urban automated driving in congested conditions deteriorated participants' mood, independently of time pressure. Additionally, the number of takeovers on driver's initiative was higher under time pressure. This study demonstrates that driving a highly automated vehicle in urban areas may have adverse effects for user's emotional state. As long as drivers are uncomfortable with the vehicle behavior, they may decide to takeover in complex situations. Therefore, it is important to consider the emotional dimension of driving highly automated vehicles. Otherwise, expected benefits of automation for traffic congestion and safety may be compromised.

Language: en

Keywords

Anger; Automated vehicles; Emotion; Time pressure; Urban environment; Voluntarily takeover