Citation

Klyce DW, Perrin PB, Fisher LB, Hammond FM, Juengst SB, Bergquist TF, Rabinowitz AR, Wagner AK, Bombardier CH, Niemeier JP, Gary KW, Giacino JT, Zafonte RD. J. Clin. Psychol. (Hoboken) 2021; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1002/jclp.23282

PMID

34825373

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To identify group-based patterns in suicidal ideation (SI) over the first 10 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

METHODS: Participants included 9539 individuals in the TBI Model Systems National Database who responded to Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item 9 assessing SI at 1, 2, 5, and/or 10 years post-injury. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted to determine group-based patterns of SI, and pre-injury variables were compared with ANOVAs and chi-square tests.

RESULTS: SI and attempts decreased over time. Four group-based patterns emerged: Low, increasing, moderate, and decreasing SI. The low SI group comprised 89% of the sample, had the highest pre-injury employment, fewer mental health vulnerabilities, least severe injuries, and were oldest. The increasing SI group had the most severe TBIs, were youngest, and disproportionately Black or Asian/Pacific Islander.

CONCLUSION: These findings reinforce the importance of mental health and suicide risk assessment during chronic recovery from TBI.

Language: en

Keywords

suicide; suicidal ideation; cluster analysis; TBI Model Systems; traumatic brain injury