Citation

Gravit M, Kirik E, Savchenko E, Vitova T, Shabunina D. Fire (Basel) 2022; 5(1): e20.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publications Institute)

DOI

10.3390/fire5010020

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Space-planning decisions of two sports and entertainment arenas with large crowds--the Roman Colosseum (Italy) and the modern Gazprom Arena stadium (St. Petersburg, Russia)-- were analyzed to compare the flow of people during evacuation by simulation. It was shown that the space-planning decisions of the Colosseum seem more advantageous compared with the Gazprom Arena in calculation of evacuation time and evacuation organization process: the capacity of the stairs of the Colosseum with a width of 2.8 m is comparable with the capacity of the Gazprom Arena's stairs (4 m). In the Colosseum the average specific flow is qaverage = 1.14 person/s/m, while in the Gazprom Arena the average specific flow is qaverage = 0.65 (with a march width of 2.6 m) and qaverage = 0.8 person/s/m (with a march width of 4 m). It was found that the Colosseum complies with current standards for on-time evacuation; while modern sports and entertainment arenas are currently designed with additional services, infrastructure, comfort and, in general, high commercialization. The antique arenas are currently being reborn and used for concerts and other public events, so the obtained results have practical significance.

Language: en

Keywords

Colosseum; computer simulation; design; evacuation time; organizing evacuation; safety; stadiums and arenas