Citation

Mohovic D, Mohović R, Suljic M, Njegovan M. J. Navig. 2021; 74(3): 558-573.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, Royal Institute of Navigation of Great Britain, Publisher Cambridge University Press)

DOI

10.1017/S0373463321000114

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

'Close-quarters situation' is a term used in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. As the term is not precisely defined, this paper analyses the interpretations and definitions of the term by various authors or courts, based on judicial processes and judgments. In the end, the authors suggest their own definition of the term 'close-quarters situation'. Knowing the minimum distance from another ship and the time to the closest point of approach at which collision may still be avoided by one's own manoeuvre is information that every ship's officer needs to know. In accordance with the proposed definition of the term 'close-quarters situation', minimum distances between ships and time to the closest point of approach in which the ship can still take action to avoid a collision by its own manoeuvring are determined by means of simulations on a navigational simulator. A total of 168 simulations were performed with three fine-form vessel sizes and three full-form vessel sizes. Due to the extensive amount of data, the paper presents the results for one vessel only.

Language: en

Keywords

action to avoid a collision; close-quarters situation; last opportunity to avoid collision