Citation

Coelho Junior NE, Dal Molin EC, Udler Cromberg R. Int. J. Psychoanal. 2023; 104(1): 122-136.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2023, Institute of Psychoanalysis, Publisher John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1080/00207578.2022.2105221

PMID

36799631

Abstract

The Bohemian writer Milan Kundera narrates, more than once, an experience from his years of life under an authoritarian regime. It is the memory of a violent fantasy of rape, one in which libido and destruction are mingled. Based on this memory and how he wrote about it, we present two forms of mental illnesses (by activation and by passivation) and relate them to the model proposed by Green to think about depressive states through passivation. The first form of mental illness, by activation, is the result of an overly successful active defense against anxiety. The second form, by passivation, is a paradoxical reaction to agony in the face of deadly psychic states. Arguing that this second form of mental illness is frequently identified in individuals during periods of political change, we consider that the intricacy between the drives of destruction and the libido, even when it generates fantasies or brutal gestures, can reveal itself as an episodic attempt of an active defense amid the predominance of passivation generated by post-traumatic helplessness.

Language: en

Keywords

trauma; André Green; death drive; depressive state due to passivation; Helplessness