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Journal Article

Citation

Miyoshi Y, Yoshioka S, Yamamoto M. J. Jpn. Counc. Traffic Sci. 2022; 21(2): 45-55.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, The Japanese Council of Traffic Science)

DOI

10.24597/jcts.21.2_45

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

In super-aging Japan, there have been sporadic incidents of vehicle collisions caused by elderly people. Although the National Police Agency recommends the use of a consultation desk with safe-driving counselors, the actual conditions and demographics of the consultations and counselors are little known at present. This study aimed to clarify the effective consultation skills of safe-driving counselors in the License Division of the National Police Agency in decision-making support for the voluntary surrender of older adult drivers' licenses. We used a qualitative exploratory research method. Data were collected by a mail survey of safe-driving counselors in the License Division of the National Police Agency using an anonymous questionnaire, from May to August 2020. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics or by a quantitative text analysis technique using KH Coder 3 software. We received valid responses from 132 counselors. The occupations of the counselors were: police officer (n=71), clerical staff (n=34), nurse (n=28), and others (including multiple answers). Using morphological analysis, text data were extracted from a total of 447 sentences and 10,192 words from free-description answers. We conducted a frequency analysis for each term, calculated the Jaccard index, and performed a word co-occurrence network analysis, subgraph detection (random walks), and Krippendorff content analysis. Keyword-in-context concordance was used to confirm the context and content of group-generated words, and each group was given a name that characterized its contents. This study was approved by the Tottori University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee. The most frequently extracted words were "parties" (i.e., persons concerned; 257 cases), "voluntary surrender" (162 cases), and "family" (155 cases). In the word co-occurrence network analysis, the word with the highest mediation centrality was "parties." Words with a strong co-occurrence relationship with "parties" were "family" (Jaccard index: 0.38), "voluntary surrender" (0.27), "will" (0.19), "explanation" (0.2), "understanding" (0.14), and "conversation" (0.16). We defined eight effective consultation skills: [Respect the will of the parties], [Listen attentively and empathetically to the parties and their families], [Think from the standpoint of the parties], [Present objective data as judgment material], [Encourage voluntary surrender by demonstrating the benefits to people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia], [Show cases of traffic accidents among older adult drivers to help gain the parties' understanding], [Facilitate agreement by understanding the anxiety of the parties], and [Coordinate and collaborate with the Regional Comprehensive Support Center].

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わが国は、高齢化に伴い高齢運転者の死亡事故件数が全体に占める割合が増加している。警察庁は、安全運転相談員(以下、相談員と略)を配置した相談窓口の利用を推奨しているものの、その利用実態、相談員の人口学的情報や実践内容は把握されていない。75歳以上の運転者には、免許更新時に認知機能検査が義務付けられているが、認知症高齢運転者の重大な死亡事故事例が少なからず報告されている。そこで本研究では、わが国の相談員の現況を調査し、高齢運転者の意思決定を支援するプロセスにおいて効果的に関与した相談スキルを明らかにすることを目的とした。研究デザインは探索的質的研究法を用い、全国の安全運転相談窓口で従事する相談員に対し、郵送による質問紙調査を行った。高齢運転者の意思決定支援プロセスに効果的に関与していた場面の記述内容について、KH Coder (Ver.3)によるtext miningを行った。132人から有効回答を得た。相談員は、警察官71人、警察職員34人、看護師28人などであった。自由記述から、447文、10,192語句を抽出した。頻出語は、「当事者」257件、「自主返納」162件、「家族」155件などであった。共起ネットワークによって抽出された8つのサブグラフを生成する語句については、Krippendorffの内容分析技法であるkeyword in contextコンコーダンスを用いて文脈を確認し命名した。意思決定支援に効果的に関与した相談スキルとして、【当事者の意思を尊重する】【当事者・家族の話を傾聴し共感する】【当事者の立場で思考する】【判断材料として客観的データを提示する】【MCI・認知症者にメリットを提示し自主返納を説得する】【運転事故事例を提示し理解を得る】【当事者の不安を理解し納得を得る】【地域包括支援センターと連携・協働する】とそれぞれの相談スキルの関連要素が明らかとなった。


Language: ja

Keywords

consultation skills; decision-making support; drivers’ licenses; older adult; voluntary surrender; 意思決定支援; 相談スキル; 自主返納; 運転免許; 高齢者

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