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Citation |
Schwartzenburg JB, Cruise SC, Reed RE, Hutchinson CM, Mirzalieva OS, Edwards KN, Edwards S, Gilpin NW, Molina P, Desai SD. J. Neurotrauma 2023; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
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Copyright |
(Copyright © 2023, Mary Ann Liebert Publishers) |
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DOI |
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PMID |
37279290 |
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Abstract |
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and alcohol misuse are inextricably linked and can increase the risk for developing neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in military veterans and contact sport athletes. Proteinopathy (defects in protein degradation) is considered an underlying factor in neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether it contributes to TBI/alcohol-mediated neurodegeneration is unexplored. Our recent studies have identified ISGylation, a conjugated form of ISG15 (Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15) and inducer of proteinopathy, as a potential mechanistic link underlying TBI-mediated neurodegeneration and proteinopathy in veterans. In the current study, a rat model of combined TBI and alcohol use was utilized to investigate the same relationship. Here, we report sustained induction of Interferon β (IFNβ), changes in TAR DNA Binding 43 (TDP-43) ISGylation levels, TDP-43 proteinopathy (C-terminal fragmentation (CTF)), and neurodegeneration in the ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cords (LSCs) and/or motor cortices (MCs) of female rats post-TBI in a time-dependent manner. In males, these findings mostly remained non-significant, though moderate alcohol use appears to decrease neurodegeneration in males (but not females) post-TBI. We, however, do not claim that moderate alcohol consumption is beneficial for preventing TBI-mediated neurodegeneration. We have previously demonstrated that ISGylation is increased in the LSCs of veterans with TBI/ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). Here, we show increased ISGylation of TDP-43 in the LSCs of TBI/ALS-afflicted female veterans compared to male veterans. Knowing that ISGylation induces proteinopathy, we suggest targeting ISGylation may prevent proteinopathy-mediated neurodegeneration post-TBI, particularly in women, however, causal studies are required to confirm this claim. Language: en |
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Keywords |
ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE; DEGENERATION; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY |