Citation

Granat P. Consultant 1998; 38(9): 2211-2215.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1998)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Nonpharmacologic measures for treating panic disorder, which include patient education and cognitive behavioral therapy, are sometimes effective without medication and are fundamental for controlling panic attacks. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants are effective when nondrug measures are not sufficient. Consider imipramine, amitriptyline, or doxepin, rather than SSRIs, for patients with dyspepsia, diarrhea, or irritable bowel problems. Begin with half or one quarter of the standard dosage, then increase the dosage if necessary to its upper limits or until side effects occur. The usual course of pharmacologic therapy is 6 to 9 months. Strategies combining cognitive behavioral therapy with pharmacologic treatment are particularly effective in preventing relapse.

Language: en

Keywords

alprazolam; amfebutamone; amitriptyline; autonomic dysfunction; behavior therapy; citalopram; clonazepam; cognitive therapy; depression; desipramine; dose calculation; doxepin; drug contraindication; drug indication; fluoxetine; human; imipramine; insomnia; maprotiline; mirtazapine; nefazodone; neuromuscular disease; nortriptyline; panic; paroxetine; patient education; phenelzine; practice guideline; priority journal; protriptyline; relapse; review; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sertraline; suicide attempt; tranylcypromine; trazodone; tricyclic antidepressant agent; venlafaxine