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Citation
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Wimmer P, Op den Camp O, Weber H, Chajmowicz H, Wagner M, Lorente Mallada J, Fahrenkrog F, Denk F. 27th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV); April 3-6, 2023; Abstract #: 23-0032, pp. 15p. Washington, DC USA: US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2023 open access. |
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Abstract
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27th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV): Enhanced and Equitable Vehicle Safety for All: Toward the Next 50 Years
https://www-esv.nhtsa.dot.gov/Proceedings/27/27ESV-000032.pdf
In the last years, virtual simulations have become an indispensable tool for safety performance assessment of driving automation systems (DAS) and pre-crash technologies which are part of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Different approaches and tools are used in this domain, making comparison of results of different studies difficult. Therefore, the P.E.A.R.S. (Prospective Effectiveness Assessment of Road Safety) initiative was founded to harmonize methods for prospective safety performance assessment and by this make results of such studies more trustworthy and comparable. One essential pillar of such a harmonization is the establishment of the baseline, the set of data to which the performance of the technology under study is compared to when performing prospective assessments. Various ways have been presented in literature for setting up a baseline. For harmonization, these ways need to be analyzed and categorized so that recommendations can be given on when and how to use a certain baseline approach. The research objective of this paper is first to develop general approaches to establish a baseline based on existing ways and second to identify areas of application for each baseline approach. Based on existing ways, the authors defined general approaches for setting up a simulation baseline. These baseline approaches can structure all existing ways based on their characteristics and requirements and impacts on safety performance assessment results. Relevant information for each baseline approach is discussed, such as the used data type(s), data processing steps, applied variations to the original data, application of simulation models, and statistical methods, etc. The authors identified three types of baseline approaches: A) Using concrete real-world scenarios without modifications. B) Using modifications of concrete real-world scenarios. Here, real-world scenarios are the basis, but some of the existing measured properties are altered or even new properties are added. C) Creating synthetic cases where more general data such as distributions of relevant parameters (e.g., from collision, road user behavior, traffic data) and mechanisms possibly leading to collisions are used. The paper will provide examples for each baseline approach. The three approaches can be clearly distinguished and should be able to cover the generation of a baseline for all studies in the field of prospective safety performance assessment. Each of the approaches has its pros and cons, e.g., with respect to their representativeness, and the effort to obtain the required data. Also, the evaluation objective to be addressed needs to be considered when selecting an appropriate baseline approach as it has a strong influence on this selection. The categorization of the three approaches allows for defining common recommendations on when to use which approach. By the baseline approaches presented, P.E.A.R.S. contributes to the harmonization and acceptance of virtual safety performance assessment of driving automation systems (DAS) and pre-crash technologies. This will greatly enhance trustworthiness, comparability and, transparency of results of prospective safety performance assessments.
Language: en |