Citation

Janda DH. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2003; (409): 20-28.

Affiliation

The Institute for Preventative Sports Medicine, P.O. Box 7032, Ann Arbor, MI 48107, USA. admin@ipsm.org.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2003, Springer)

DOI

10.1097/01.blo.0000057789.10364.e3

PMID

12671481

Abstract

Forty million individuals participate in organized softball leagues each year in the United States. Eighteen million additional student athletes and young adults also participate in organized baseball league play. In addition to being two of the most popular team sports in the United States, they also are responsible for a significant percentage of sports-related injuries that are sustained in the United States. Fortunately, numerous interventions independently have been shown to be effective at reducing the injury scenario, which has grown to be of epidemic proportion. Interventions such as break-away bases, batting helmets, face shields on helmets, lighter mass baseballs, and teaching and reiteration of the fundamentals of softball and baseball all have been effective in preventing millions of injuries and billions of dollars in healthcare costs each year in the United States.