Citation

Tøien K, Myhren H, Bredal IS, Skogstad L, Sandvik L, Ekeberg O. J. Trauma 2010; 69(6): 1552-1559.

Affiliation

From the Intensive Care Unit and Department of Nursing Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway; Unit of Breast and Endocrine surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway; Emergency Department and Department of Nursing Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway; Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway; Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2010, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins)

DOI

10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e125f3

PMID

20664371

Abstract

BACKGROUND:: The aim of the study was to investigate the level of psychologic distress after trauma and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, memory from the ICU, and predictors for psychologic distress at 12 months. METHODS:: Prospective single center study in a trauma referral center for Eastern and Southern Norway. Participants were 150 trauma patients treated in an ICU for >24 hours. Assessments were performed after discharge, at 3 months, and at 12 months using the Impact of Event Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, ICU memory tool, and Life Orientation Test-Revised. RESULTS:: At baseline, the mean Impact of Event scores were 22.7 decreasing to 18.4 at 12 months (p = 0.039). At 1-year follow-up, mean anxiety scores were 5.5 (95% confidence interval CI: 4.6-6.4) and depression scores 3.8 (95% CI: 3.1-4.5). Factual memories from ICU (odds ratio OR 6.58, 95% CI: 2.01-21.52, p = 0.002), low educational level (OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10-0.86 p = 0.025), not having care of children (OR 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04-0.47 p = 0.002), and female gender (OR 2.95, 95% CI: 1.04-8.34 p = 0.042) predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms at 12 months. Anxiety at 12 months was predicted only by pessimism (OR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75-0.93 p = 0.001). Depression at 12 months was predicted by being out of work before the injury (OR 3.64, 95% CI: 1.11-11.94 p = 0.033) and pessimism (OR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.93 p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS:: Many patients suffer from posttraumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and depression after trauma and ICU stay. The strongest predictors of psychologic distress 12 months after discharge were having factual memories from the ICU stay, being pessimistic, and being out of work before the injury.

Language: en