Citation

Riek BM, Mania EW, Gaertner SL. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 2006; 10(4): 336-353.

Affiliation

Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. riek@psych.udel.edu

Copyright

(Copyright © 2006, SAGE Publishing)

DOI

10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_4

PMID

17201592

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between intergroup threat and negative outgroup attitudes. We first qualitatively review the intergroup threat literature, describing the shift from competing theories toward more integrated approaches, such as the integrated threat theory (ITT; W. G. Stephan and Stephan, 2000). The types of threats discussed include: realistic threat, symbolic threat, intergroup anxiety, negative stereotypes, group esteem threat, and distinctiveness threat. We then conducted a quantitative meta-analysis examining the relationships between various intergroup threats and outgroup attitudes. The meta-analysis, involving 95 samples, revealed that 5 different threat types had a positive relationship with negative outgroup attitudes. Additionally, outgroup status moderated some of these relationships. Implications and future directions are considered.

Language: en