Citation

Ruff RM, Camenzuli L, Mueller J. Brain Inj. 1996; 10(8): 551-565.

Affiliation

San Francisco Neuropsychiatric Associates, CA 94109, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1996, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

8836512

Abstract

Emotional risk factors are explored in four case studies, each of whom had sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Selected pre-existing personality traits that compounded the symptom presentation included over-achievement, dependency, grandiosity and borderline personality traits. Premorbid risk factors are described and their influence on co-morbid and post-morbid difficulties is discussed. We also touched upon the therapeutic issues involved in our cases. General treatment considerations are highlighted for dealing with grandiosity, narcissistic features and borderline traits. Over-achievement and perfectionism are discussed in the context of providing treatment for stress management. Finally, the effect of pre-existing emotional trauma combined with the MTBI is discussed.

Language: en