Citation

Viscusi WK, Zeckhauser RJ. J. Risk Uncertain. 1994; 8(1): 19-41.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1994, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)

DOI

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PMID

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Abstract

All production activities generate health risks to workers. This article employs input-output analysis in conjunction with job-risk data by industry to construct measures of the direct and indirect risks imposed by expenditures. Both fatalities and nonfatal injuries (which include illnesses) are considered. The occupational-risk component of expenditures is generally in the range of 3-4% of costs, with nonfatal injuries contributing the larger share. Expenditure levels that generate a fatality or a lost-workday injury are provided by industry, as are a variety of other measures that consider both created and avoided risks pertinent to risk-risk analyses and cost-effectiveness analyses, respectively.