Citation

Pascale A, Beal MW, Fitzgerald T. Womens Health Issues 2016; 26(2): 135-146.

Affiliation

Women's Health Policy and Advocacy Program, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2016, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.whi.2015.11.003

PMID

26817659

Abstract

PURPOSE: The annual pap smear for cervical cancer screening, once a mainstay of the well woman visit (WWV), is no longer recommended for most low-risk women. This change has led many women and their health care providers to wonder if they should abandon this annual preventive health visit altogether. Changing guidelines coinciding with expanded WWV coverage for millions of American women under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act have created confusion for health care consumers and care givers alike. Is there evidence to support continued routine preventive health visits for women and, if so, what would ideally constitute the WWV of today? METHODS: A scoping review of the literature was undertaken to appraise the current state of evidence regarding a wide range of possible elements to identify priority areas for the WWV.

FINDINGS: A population health perspective taking into consideration the reproductive health needs of women as well as the preventable and modifiable leading causes of death and disability was used to identify eight domains for the WWV of today: 1) reproductive life planning and sexual health, 2) cardiovascular disease and stroke, 3) prevention, screening, and early detection of cancers, 4) unintended injury, 5) anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and suicidal intent, 6) intimate partner violence, assault, and homicide, 7) lower respiratory disease, and 8) arthritis and other musculoskeletal problems.

CONCLUSIONS: The WWV remains a very important opportunity for prevention, health education, screening, and early detection and should not be abandoned.

Language: en