Citation

Amaral MBF, Bueno SC, Abdala IB, da Silveira RL. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2017; 21(3): 357-361.

Affiliation

Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Service, Santa Casa Saúde, Av. Francisco Sales, 1111, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30150-221, Brazil.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)

DOI

10.1007/s10006-017-0631-4

PMID

28477176

Abstract

PURPOSE: The present study aims to describe three cases of patients inflicted by rubber bullets with severe facial fractures.

METHODS: In addition, a review of English-language literature involving facial fractures by rubber bullets from 1975 to 2016 was performed.

RESULTS: This current study demonstrated that the use of the LLRBW is unsafety even when applied by police enforcements exclusively.

CONCLUSIONS: Management of facial fractures caused by LLRBW is done in a usual manner with closed or open reduction associated with bone mini-plates or reconstruction plates when indicated. Special initial wound care should be done to avoid secondary infection and additional procedures.

Language: en

Keywords

Facial fractures; Plastic bullets; Rubber bullets