Citation

Tolppanen AM, Taipale H, Hartikainen S. Alzheimers Dement. 2017; 13(12): 1371-1379.

Affiliation

School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, Alzheimer's Association, Publisher Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.jalz.2017.04.010

PMID

28599121

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Many previous studies have been limited by self- or proxy-reported injury or short follow-up. We investigated whether head or brain injuries are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), possible modifying factors and dose-response relationship.

METHODS: Nested register-based case-control study of all community dwellers who received clinically verified AD diagnosis in Finland in 2005 to 2011 (n = 70,719) and one to four matched controls for each case (n of controls = 282,862).

RESULTS: The magnitude of association between hospital-treated head and/or brain injuries was strongly dependent on the lag time between exposure and outcome. With a 5-year lag time, head injury (adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence interval 1.19; 1.15-1.23) or brain injury (1.23; 1.18-1.29) was associated with higher risk of AD. Dose-response relationship with number and severity of injuries was observed. Associations were stronger in those with earlier onset of AD.

CONCLUSIONS: Stronger associations with shorter lag times indicate that head and/or brain injuries may also reflect the ongoing AD disease process.

Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Language: en

Keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Brain injury; Case-control study; Head injury