Citation

Nishijima DK, Gaona SD, Waechter T, Maloney R, Blitz A, Elms AR, Farrales RD, Montoya J, Bair T, Howard C, Gilbert M, Trajano R, Hatchel K, Faul M, Bell JM, Coronado V, Vinson DR, Ballard DW, Tancredi DJ, Garzon H, Mackey KE, Shahlaie K, Holmes JF. J. Neurotrauma 2017; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Affiliation

University of California, Davis, Emergency Medicine, 95817, California, United States ; jfholmes@ucdavis.edu.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, Mary Ann Liebert Publishers)

DOI

10.1089/neu.2017.5232

PMID

29108469

Abstract

Field triage guidelines recommend transport of head-injured patients on anticoagulants or antiplatelets to a higher-level trauma center based on studies suggesting a high incidence of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH). We compared the incidence of tICH in older adults transported by EMS with and without anticoagulation or antiplatelet use and evaluated the accuracies of different sets of field triage criteria to identify tICH. This was a prospective, observational study at 5 EMS agencies and 11 hospitals. Older adults (≥55 years) with head trauma and transported by EMS from Aug 2015 to Sept 2016 were eligible. EMS providers completed standardized data forms and patients were followed through ED or hospital discharge. We enrolled 1,304 patients; 1147 (88%) received a cranial CT scan and were eligible for analysis. 434 (33%) patients had anticoagulant or antiplatelet use and 112 (10%) had tICH. The incidence of tICH in patients with (11%, 95%CI 8-14%) and without (9%, 95%CI 7-11%) anticoagulant or antiplatelet use was similar. Anticoagulant or antiplatelet use was not predictive of tICH on adjusted analysis. Steps 1-3 criteria alone were not sensitive in identifying tICH (27%) while the addition of anticoagulant or antiplatelet criterion improved sensitivity (63%). Other derived sets of triage criteria were highly sensitive (>98%) but poorly specific (<11%). The incidence of tICH was similar between patients with and without anticoagulant or antiplatelet use. Use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications was not a risk factor for tICH. We were unable to identify a set of triage criteria that was accurate for trauma center need.

Language: en

Keywords

GERIATRIC BRAIN INJURY; HEAD TRAUMA; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY