Citation

Bernstein KT, Bucciarelli A, Markham Piper T, Gross C, Tardiff K, Galea S. BMC Public Health 2007; 7(1): 31.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2007, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group - BMC)

DOI

10.1186/1471-2458-7-31

PMID

17349051

PMCID

PMC1839087

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In New York City (NYC), the annual mortality rate is higher for accidental drug overdoses than for homicides; cocaine and opiates are the drugs most frequently associated with drug overdose deaths. We assessed trends and correlates of cocaine- and opiate-related overdose deaths in NYC during 1990-2000. METHODS: Data were collected from the NYC Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) on all fatal drug overdoses involving cocaine and/or opiates that occurred between 1990-2000 (n=8,774) and classified into three mutually exclusive groups (cocaine only; opiates-only; cocaine and opiates;). Risk factors for accidental overdose were examined in the three groups and compared using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, among decedents ages 15-64, 2,392 (27.3%) were attributed to cocaine only and 2,825 (32.2%) were attributed to opiates-only. During the interval studied, the percentage of drug overdose deaths attributed to cocaine only fell from 29.2% to 23.6% while the percentage of overdose deaths attributed to opiates -only rose from 30.6% to 40.1%. Compared to New Yorkers who fatally overdosed from opiates-only, fatal overdose attributed to cocaine-only was associated with being male (OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.62-0.82), Black (OR=4.73, 95% CI 4.08-5.49) or Hispanic (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.29-1.76), an overdose outside of a residence or building (OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.68), having alcohol detected at autopsy (OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.44-0.56) and older age (55-64) (OR=2.53 95% CI 1.70-3.75)). CONCLUSION: As interventions to prevent fatal overdose become more targeted and drug specific, understanding the different populations at risk for different drug-related overdoses will become more critical.

Language: en