Citation

Xu Q, Xu K, Yao X, Zhang J, Wang B. R. Soc. Open Sci. 2018; 5(10): e180915.

Affiliation

Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, Royal Society Publishing)

DOI

10.1098/rsos.180915

PMID

30473838

PMCID

PMC6227990

Abstract

Sand casting operations, though commonplace, pose a significant threat of explosion accidents. This paper presents a novel sand casting safety assessment technique based on fault tree analysis, Heinrich accident triangle, hazard and operability-layer of protection analysis (HAZOP-LOPA) and bow tie model components. Minimal cut sets and minimal path sets are first determined based on fault tree analysis, then the frequency of sand casting explosion accidents is calculated based on the Heinrich accident triangle. Third, the risk level of venting quality can be reduced by adopting HAZOP-LOPA; the residual risk level of venting quality remains excessive even after adopting two independent protective layers. The bow tie model is then adopted to determine the causes and consequences of venting quality. Five preventative measures are imposed to enhance the venting quality of foundry sand accompanied by 16 mitigative safety measures. Our results indicate that the risk attributable to low foundry sand venting quality can be minimized via bow tie analysis.

Language: en

Keywords

HAZOP–LOPA; Heinrich accident triangle; bow tie model; explosion accident; fault tree analysis; sand casting