Citation

Sarkar R, Ozanne-Smith JE, Bassed R. Trauma Violence Abuse 2019; ePub(ePub): 1524838019827617.

Affiliation

Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, SAGE Publishing)

DOI

10.1177/1524838019827617

PMID

30852989

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:: To examine the evidence base for patterns of oro-facial injuries in physical abuse cases of children and adolescents aged 0-17 years. DATA SOURCES:: Systematic searches of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central and grey literature, dating from the oldest entry to August 2017. REVIEW METHODS:: Search criteria included English language peer reviewed articles and theses on physical abuse cases affecting the age group of 0-17 years. Exclusion criteria were: Case reports and <10 case series; studies involving bite mark injuries elsewhere on the body, sexual, ritualistic or emotional abuse and neglect, exposure to domestic violence; reviews; book chapters and conference proceedings. The following data was extracted: quality and design of study, oro-facial manifestations, new/old injuries, fatalities, coexistent injuries, co-morbidities and radiologic investigations. Each study was subjected to two independent reviews and a third, if reviewers disagreed.

RESULTS:: The authors identified 51 articles, 26 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria. The oro-facial signs were superficial injuries of face, ears, neck, lips and oral mucosa, burns, torn fraenii and fractured teeth and jaws. A minority of studies stood out due to their well-developed design; expert opinion inclusion; new/old/occult injury investigations and facial bruising/ intraoral injuries as sentinel markers. Overall, the review demonstrated weak study quality and representativeness as well as lacunae in uniform reporting.

CONCLUSIONS:: The available literature does not endorse any pathognomonic signature patterns of child physical abuse to the exposed oro-facial region.

Language: en

Keywords

alcohol and drugs; child abuse; child abusers; domestic violence; forensic interviewing; homicide; physical abuse