Citation

Hassan AN, Le Foll B. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019; 198: 28-33.

Affiliation

Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Family and Community Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.031

PMID

30877954

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Understanding the association of polydrug use disorders (PUD) with psychosocial and clinical factors is essential for the treatment of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). The aim of this study is to examine whether there is an association between childhood maltreatment, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PUD in individuals with OUD.

METHODS: We used data from 356 individuals with OUD in the past 12 months from a nationally representative database in the United States. PUD patients were classified into two groups: a group with additional one substance disorder (OUD + 1) and that with two or more additional substance disorders (OUD + 2). We conducted multivariate logistic regression to predict the PUD status, after adjustment for confounders including childhood maltreatment.

RESULTS: Among all individuals, 57.3% were polydrug users (n = 204) and 42.7% were not (n = 152). There was a high prevalence of childhood maltreatment in both groups, ranging from 16.1% to 59.5%, but the difference was not statistically significant. After adjustment for confounders, we found an association between past-year PTSD and OUD + 2 (odds ratio: 3.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.15-13.72; p = 0.03) but not with OUD + 1.

CONCLUSION: PTSD is highly prevalent in individuals with OUD using multiple substances and could influence PUD. We recommend screening for PTSD in cases of PUD. Future studies should evaluate the effect of PTSD treatment on PUD.

Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

Child maltreatment; Multiple substances; Opioid use disorder; Polydrug; Posttraumatic stress disorder