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Citation |
Yu Q, Xiao YQ, Hu XY, Xia ZF. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2019; 35(3): 198-204. |
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Affiliation |
Burn Institute of PLA, Department of Burn Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China. |
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Copyright |
(Copyright © 2019, Zhonghua yi xue hui) |
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DOI |
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PMID |
30897866 |
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Abstract |
Objective: To assess the cognitive level of first aid knowledge regarding the small area burn among the child caregivers in Shanghai and improve the level of first aid for small area burn in children. Methods: From November 2017 to March 2018, 7 municipal districts in Shanghai were selected according to the random number table, from which 2 750 students of 4 nurseries, 5 kindergartens, 6 primary schools, and 2 junior middle schools were selected by adopting the convenience sampling method. Each student was limited to one caregiver as the research object. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the cognitive level of first aid knowledge regarding small area burn among the caregivers with self-designed questionnaire through WeChat and Tencent QQ. The age, burn experience, and scarring after burns in children, the prevalence rate of burn in children of different age groups, the educational background of caregivers and their social relationship with their children, and the measures taken by caregivers firstly after small area burn occurred among their children were recorded. The choices of applying the folk prescription drugs to the wounds of their children made by caregivers and those with different educational backgrounds were recorded. The choices of applying daily necessities to the wound of their children made by caregivers were recorded. The caregivers' knowledge of standard first aid measures for small area burn, and the knowledge of caregivers with different educational backgrounds of all standard first aid measures for small area burn were recorded. The caregivers' choices of hospitals for treatment the first time, and the choices of going to the Grade Ⅲ Level A hospital with burn specialty for treatment made by caregivers with different knowledge levels about first aid measures for small area burn and those by caregivers whose children did or didn't have burn experience were recorded. The caregivers' choices of different types of medical institutions with burn specialty or specialized in burn treatment, and choices of going to burn department of comprehensive Grade Ⅲ Level A hospital for treatment made by caregivers with different knowledge levels about first aid measures for small area burn were recorded. Data were processed with Pearson chi-square test and partitions of chi-square test. Results: The effective recovery rate of questionnaire was 99.0% (2 723/2 750). The ages of children were mainly 6-11 years [64.7% (1 762/2 723)]The prevalence of burn in children was 19.4% (527/2 723). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall comparison of burn prevalence of children among the age groups (χ(2)=1.424, P>0.05). The percentage of scar formation after burn in children was 27.3% (144/527). The education backgrounds of caregivers were mainly undergraduate [40.2% (1 094/2 723)], and their social relationships with children were mainly children's mothers [74.6% (2 030/2 723)]. Assuming that their children suffered from minor burns, the measures firstly taken by 74.0% (2 016/2 723) of the caregivers was to immediately access cool running water and remove clothing on the wound of children. Totally 19.2% (523/2 723) of the caregivers chose to apply folk prescription drugs for their burn children by themselves, and the percentage of caregivers with education background of junior middle school choosing to apply folk prescription drugs for their burn children by themselves was significantly higher than that of caregivers with education background of junior college, undergraduate, or graduate (χ(2)=18.502, 20.642, 13.319, P<0.05). Totally 49.2% (1 340/2 723) of caregivers chose to daub many kinds of daily necessities for their burn children by themselves. Totally 39.2% (1 068/2 723) of caregivers knew all standard first aid measures for small area burn, the percentage of caregivers with education background of undergraduate knowing all standard first aid measures for small area burn was significantly higher than that of caregivers with education background of senior high school and secondary specialized school (χ(2)=11.234, P<0.05). Assuming that their children suffered from minor burns, 39.0% (1 063/2 723) of the caregivers chose to go to the nearest hospital for treatment the first time, the percentage of caregivers who knew all standard first aid measures for small area burn choosing to go to Grade Ⅲ Level A hospital with burn specialty for treatment the first time was similar with that of caregivers who did not know/did not fully know (χ(2)=3.528, P>0.05), and the percentage of caregivers whose children had burn experience choosing to go to Grade Ⅲ Level A hospital with burn specialty for treatment in the first time was similar with that of caregivers whose children didn't have burn experience (χ(2)=3.521, P>0.05). Among all medical institutions with burn specialty or specialized in burn treatment, 28.0% (762/2 723) of the caregivers chose to go to comprehensive Grade Ⅲ Level A hospital for treatment, and the percentage of caregivers who knew all standard first aid measures for small area burn choosing to go to comprehensive Grade Ⅲ Level A hospital for treatment was significantly higher than that of caregivers who did not know/did not fully know (χ(2)=4.890, P<0.05). Conclusions: The caregivers of children are mainly children's mothers with education background of undergraduate in Shanghai, and caregivers' cognitive levels of first aid knowledge regarding the small area burn are low. Only a few caregivers know all standard first aid measures for small area burn, and there are still some caregivers who have the wrong idea of applying folk prescription drugs or daily necessities for children by themselves. The publicity and education of basic first aid knowledge of burn should be strengthened through various channels such as burn simulation exercise and network, and caregivers should be guided to take their children to hospitals with burn specialty for treatment after occurrence of burn in children, so as to obtain more professional medical treatment. Language: zh 目的： 了解上海市儿童看护人对小面积烧伤急救知识认知水平，提升儿童小面积烧伤急救水平。 方法： 2017年11月--2018年3月，采用随机数字表法抽取上海7个市辖区，从中采用便利抽样法抽取4所托儿所、5所幼儿园、6所小学、2所初中的共2 750名学生，每名学生限定1名看护人作为研究对象，采用自制问卷通过微信和腾讯QQ对看护人的小面积烧伤急救知识认知情况进行横断面调查。统计儿童年龄、烧伤经历、烧伤后瘢痕形成情况，不同年龄段儿童烧伤患病率；看护人受教育程度及其与看护儿童的社会关系；儿童小面积烧伤后其看护人第一反应处理措施；看护人选择自行为患儿涂抹民间偏方药物情况，不同学历看护人选择自行为患儿涂抹民间偏方药物情况；看护人选择自行为患儿涂抹生活物品情况；看护人对规范化小面积烧伤急救措施知悉情况，不同学历看护人知悉全部规范化小面积烧伤急救措施情况；看护人第一时间就诊医院类别选择情况，不同小面积烧伤急救措施知悉水平的看护人、其看护儿童有/无烧伤经历的看护人选择第一时间前往开设烧伤专科的三级甲等医院就诊情况；看护人对开设烧伤专科或专门从事烧伤救治的医疗机构类别选择情况，不同小面积烧伤急救措施知悉水平的看护人选择前往综合性三级甲等医院烧伤科就诊情况。对数据行Pearson χ(2)检验及卡方分割法检验。 结果： 问卷有效回收率为99.0%(2 723/2 750)。儿童的年龄段以6～11岁为主[64.7%(1 762/2 723)]，儿童烧伤患病率为19.4%(527/2 723)。各年龄段儿童烧伤患病率总体比较，差异无统计学意义(χ(2)＝1.424，P>0.05)。儿童烧伤后瘢痕形成百分比为27.3%(144/527)。儿童看护人受教育程度以大学本科为主[40.2%(1 094/2 723)]，与儿童社会关系以儿童母亲为主[74.6%(2 030/2 723)]。假设其看护儿童发生小面积烧伤，74.0%(2 016/2 723)的看护人的第一反应是赶紧用自来水冲洗并脱去患处衣物；19.2%(523/2 723)的看护人选择自行为患儿涂民间偏方药物，初中学历看护人选择自行为患儿涂抹民间偏方药物百分比明显高于大专、大学本科、研究生学历看护人(χ(2)＝18.502、20.642、13.319，P<0.05)；49.2%(1 340/2 723)的看护人选择自行为患儿涂抹各类生活物品；39.2%(1 068/2 723)的看护人知悉全部规范化小面积烧伤急救措施，大学本科学历看护人知悉全部规范化小面积烧伤急救措施百分比明显高于高中及中专学历看护人(χ(2)＝11.234，P<0.05)。假设其看护儿童发生小面积烧伤，39.0%(1 063/2 723)的看护人选择第一时间前往就近医院就诊，知悉与不知悉/不全知悉全部规范化小面积烧伤急救措施的看护人选择第一时间前往开设烧伤专科三级甲等医院就诊的百分比相近(χ(2)＝3.528，P>0.05)，其看护儿童有烧伤经历与其看护儿童无烧伤经历的看护人选择第一时间前往开设烧伤专科三级甲等医院就诊的百分比相近(χ(2)＝3.521，P>0.05)；在所有开设烧伤专科或专门从事烧伤救治的医疗机构中，28.0%(762/2 723)的看护人选择前往综合性三级甲等医院就诊，知悉全部规范化小面积烧伤急救措施的看护人选择前往综合性三级甲等医院就诊的百分比明显高于不知悉/不全知悉全部规范化小面积烧伤急救措施的看护人(χ(2)＝4.890，P<0.05)。 结论： 上海市儿童看护人以儿童母亲为主、学历以大学本科为主，对小面积烧伤急救知识的认知水平低，仅少部分看护人知悉全部规范化小面积烧伤急救措施，尚有部分看护人存在自行为患儿涂抹民间偏方药物或生活物品的错误想法。应通过烧伤模拟演练、网络等多种渠道加强烧伤现场基本急救知识宣教，并引导看护人在儿童发生烧伤后将其送往开设烧伤专科的医院就诊，以期获得更专业的医疗救治。. Language: zh |
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Keywords |
Burns; Child; Cross-sectional studies; First aid |