Citation

Lee J, Kwak YS, Kim YJ, Kim EJ, Park EJ, Shin Y, Lee BH, Lee SH, Jung HY, Lee I, Hwang JI, Kim D, Lee SI. Psychiatry Investig. 2019; 16(3): 249-253.

Affiliation

Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Korean Neuropsychiatric Association)

DOI

10.30773/pi.2019.01.21

PMID

30934192

Abstract

"Comfort women" are survivors of sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, who endured extensive trauma including massive rape and physical torture. While previous studies have been focused on the trauma of the survivors themselves, the effects of the trauma on the offspring has never been evaluated before. In this article, we reviewed the first study on the offspring of former "comfort women" and aimed to detect the evidence of transgenerational transmission of trauma. In-depth psychiatric interviews and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Axis I Disorders were conducted with six offspring of former "comfort women." Among the six participants, five suffered from at least one psychiatric disorder including major depressive disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder, insomnia disorder, somatic symptom disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed similar shame and hyperarousal symptoms as their mothers regarding stimuli related to the "comfort woman" issue. Increased irritability, problems with aggression control, negative worldview, and low self-esteem were evident in the children of mothers with posttraumatic stress disorder. Finding evidence of transgenerational transmission of trauma in offspring of "comfort women" is important. Future studies should include more samples and adopt a more objective method.

Language: en

Keywords

Comfort women; Second generation; Transgenerational transmission of trauma