Citation

Rezaii P, Grant G, Zeineh M, Richardson KJ, Coburn ML, Bet AM, Weber A, Jiang B, Li Y, Ubungen K, Routh G, Wheatcroft AM, Paulino A, Hayes RL, Steinberg GK, Wintermark M. J. Neurotrauma 2019; 36(16): 2407-2416.

Affiliation

Stanford University Department of Radiology, 209657, Radiology, Neuroradiology Division , 300 Pasteur Dr , Grant Building S047 , Stanford, California, United States , 94305-5105 ; max.wintermark@gmail.com.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Mary Ann Liebert Publishers)

DOI

10.1089/neu.2018.6053

PMID

30968744

Abstract

Blood biomarker tests were recently approved for clinical diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet there are still fundamental questions which need attention. One such question is the stability of putative biomarkers in blood over the course of several days after injury if the sample is unable to be processed into serum or plasma and stored at low temperatures. Blood may not be able to be stored at ultra-low temperatures in austere combat or sports environments. In this prospective study of 20 adult patients with positive head computed tomography imaging findings, the stability of three biomarkers (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 [UCH-L1], and S100B) in whole blood and in serum stored at 4-5°C was evaluated over the course of 72 hours after blood collection. The amount of time whole blood and serum were refrigerated had no significant effect on GFAP concentration in plasma obtained from whole blood and in serum (p=0.6256 and p=0.3687, respectively), UCH-L1 concentration in plasma obtained from whole blood and in serum (p=0.0611 and p=0.5189, respectively), and S100B concentration in serum (p=0.4663). Concentration levels of GFAP, UCH-L1, and S100B in blood collected from patients with TBI were found to be stable at 4-5°C for at least 3 days after blood draw. This study suggests that the levels of the three diagnostic markers above are still valid for diagnostic TBI tests if the sample is stored in 4-5°C refrigerated conditions.

Language: en

Keywords

BIOMARKERS; CT SCANNING; HEAD TRAUMA; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY