Citation

Bordes S, Jenkins S, McBain L, Hanna A, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. Clin. Anat. 2019; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Affiliation

Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1002/ca.23386

PMID

30989719

Abstract

Crucifixion was a widely-used form of execution for capital crimes in antiquity. Civilizations and empires perfected the technique, leading to centuries of discussions, controversies, and questions, many of which concerned the death of Jesus Christ. To this day, much remains to be discovered in both the religious and scientific realms. However, the aim of this study is to discuss such facts as are known from the medical perspectives of clinical anatomists. Nails/spikes were driven through the hands/wrists and feet of five adult cadavers, and the cadavers were then dissected to observe the anatomical structures that had been injured or placed at risk for injury. While many historical and archeological facts remain to be discovered, we hope that this cadaveric study will enhance our modern understanding of ancient practices from a medical and anatomical perspective. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

Jesus; Jesus Christ; anatomy of crucifixion; cross; crucifixion; death by crucifixion; nails; pathophysiology of crucifixion