Citation

Zenses AK, Lenaert B, Peigneux P, Beckers T, Boddez Y. J. Sleep Res. 2019; ePub(ePub): e12873.

Affiliation

Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, European Sleep Research Society, Publisher John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1111/jsr.12873

PMID

31206861

Abstract

Sleep disturbances and anxiety disorders exhibit high comorbidity levels, but it remains unclear whether sleep problems are causes or consequences of increased anxiety. To experimentally probe the aetiological role of sleep disturbances in anxiety, we investigated in healthy participants how total sleep deprivation influences fear expression in a conditioning paradigm. In a fear conditioning procedure, one face stimulus (conditioned stimulus [CS+]) was paired with electric shock, whereas another face stimulus was not (unpaired stimulus [CS-]). Fear expression was tested the next morning using the two face stimuli from the training phase and a generalization stimulus (i.e. a morph between the CS+ and CS- stimuli). Between fear conditioning and test, participants were either kept awake in the laboratory for 12 hr (n = 20) or had a night of sleep at home (n = 20). Irrespective of stimulus type, subjective threat expectancies, but not skin conductance responses, were enhanced after sleep deprivation, relative to regular sleep. These results suggest that sleep disturbances may play a role in anxiety disorders by increasing perceived threat.

© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society.

Language: en

Keywords

associative learning; generalization; safety learning; sleep quality