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Citation |
Avcu P, Sinha S, Pang KCH, Servatius RJ. Behav. Brain Res. 2019; 373: 112064. |
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Affiliation |
Rutgers University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA. Electronic address: Richard.servatius@va.gov. |
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Copyright |
(Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Publishing) |
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DOI |
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PMID |
31278968 |
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Abstract |
Although there is evidence that traumatic brain injury (mTBI) induces emotional sequelae in rats, it is unclear whether the phenotype is reminiscent of major depressive disorder (MDD) or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Three behavioral protocols with oppositional indicators for MDD or PTSD were assessed: acoustic startle responses (ASRs), eyeblink conditioning, and instrumental escape/avoidance (E/A) learning. Female and male rats were exposed to lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPi) consistent with mild TBI (mTBI) or sham (SHAM) surgery. Experiment 1 suggested that the acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink responses were unaffected by mTBI in neither female nor male rats. In Experiment 2, both male and female mTBI rats acquired instrumental escape responses similar to their SHAM counterparts. Avoidance expression of female mTBI rats did not differ appreciably from female SHAM rats. However, male mTBI rats expressed avoidance at a lower rate than male SHAM rats over training. Poor coping in male rats emerged with repeated exposure to stress, suggesting that depressive behaviors in mTBI develop over time and with continued demand from stress. Severely attenuated ASRs were evident in female and male mTBI rats compared to respective SHAM rats throughout testing across the two experiments. Overall, signs among the three bidirectional assessments during the subacute period after mTBI were more indicative of MDD-like, than PTSD-like sequelae. Language: en |
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Keywords |
acoustic startle; delay eyeblink; depression; instrumental learning; lateral fluid percussion, concussion; sex differences |