Citation

Rivara FP, Adhia A, Lyons V, Massey A, Mills B, Morgan E, Simckes M, Rowhani-Rahbar A. Health Aff. (Hope) 2019; 38(10): 1622-1629.

Affiliation

Ali Rowhani-Rahbar is the Bartley Dobb Professor for the Study of Violence and an associate professor in the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Project HOPE - The People-to-People Health Foundation)

DOI

10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00480

PMID

31589529

Abstract

Violence in its many forms can affect the health of people who are the targets, those who are the perpetrators, and the communities in which both live. In this article we review the literature on the health consequences of many forms of violence, including child physical and sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, elder abuse, sexual violence, youth violence, and bullying. The biological effects of violence have become increasingly better understood and include effects on the brain, neuroendocrine system, and immune response. Consequences include increased incidences of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide; increased risk of cardiovascular disease; and premature mortality. The health consequences of violence vary with the age and sex of the victim as well as the form of violence. People can be the victims of multiple forms of violence, and the health effects can be cumulative.

Language: en

Keywords

Adolescents; Adverse childhood experiences; Children’s health; Depression; Health policy; Mental health; Post traumatic stress disorder; Stress; Violence