Citation

Danese A. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2019; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Affiliation

National and Specialist CAMHS Clinic for Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1111/jcpp.13160

PMID

31762042

Abstract

Childhood trauma is a key modifiable risk factor for psychopathology. Despite significant scientific advances, traumatised children still have poorer long-term outcomes than nontraumatised children. New research paradigms are, thus, needed. To this end, the review examines three dominant assumptions about measurement, design and analytical strategies. Current research warns against using prospective and retrospective measures of childhood trauma interchangeably; against interpreting cross-sectional differences in putative mediating mechanisms between adults with or without a history of childhood trauma as evidence of longitudinal changes from pre-trauma conditions; and against directly applying explanatory models of resilience or vulnerability to psychopathology in traumatised children to forecast individual risk in unseen cases. The warnings equally apply to research on broader measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Further research examining these assumptions can generate new insights on how to prevent childhood trauma and its detrimental effects.

© 2019 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

Language: en

Keywords

Childhood trauma; adverse childhood experiences; childhood abuse; childhood maltreatment; childhood victimization