Citation

Oudega ML, Siddiqui A, Wattjes MP, Barkhof F, Kate MT, Muller M, Bouckaert F, Vandenbulcke M, de Winter FL, Sienaert P, Stek ML, Comijs HC, Korten NCM, Emsell L, Eikelenboom P, Rhebergen D, Van Exel E, Dols A. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 2020; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Affiliation

Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2020, SAGE Publishing)

DOI

10.1177/0891988720901783

PMID

32036772

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Apathy symptoms are defined as a lack of interest and motivation. Patients with late-life depression (LLD) also suffer from lack of interest and motivation and previous studies have linked apathy to vascular white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of the brain in depressed and nondepressed patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between apathy symptoms, depressive symptoms, and WMH in LLD. We hypothesize that late-onset depression (LOD; first episode of depression after 55 years of age) is associated with WMH and apathy symptoms.

METHODS: Apathy scores were collected for 87 inpatients diagnosed with LLD. Eighty patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Associations between depressive and apathy symptoms and WMH were analyzed using linear regression.

RESULTS: All 3 subdomains of the 10-item Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale correlated significantly with the apathy scale score (all P <.05). In the total sample, apathy nor depressive symptoms were related to specific WMH. In LOD only, periventricular WMH were associated with depression severity (β = 5.21, P =.04), while WMH in the left infratentorial region were associated with apathy symptoms (β coefficient = 5.89, P =.03).

CONCLUSION: Apathy and depressive symptoms are highly overlapping in the current cohort of older patients with severe LLD, leading to the hypothesis that apathy symptoms are part of depressive symptoms in the symptom profile of older patients with severe LLD. Neither apathy nor depressive symptoms were related to WMH, suggesting that radiological markers of cerebrovascular disease, such as WMH, may not be useful in predicting these symptoms in severe LLD.

Language: en

Keywords

MRI; apathy symptoms; depression severity; late-onset depression; vascular depression; white matter hyperintensities